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SS-31 (elamipretide) protocol

SS-31, also called elamipretide, is a daily injection approved by the US FDA (as Forzinity) for Barth syndrome, a rare mitochondrial disease. It is not approved for aging.

Approved in the US (accelerated approval): Forzinity, for Barth syndromeNot approved for aging or any other use
ProtocolMixingResultsSide effectsHow it worksSources

The protocol at a glance

The US label dose for people weighing at least 30 kg with Barth syndrome is 40 mg injected under the skin once a day.

WhoDaily amount on the US label
Barth syndrome, 30 kg or more40 mg under the skin once a day
Adults with severe kidney problems (eGFR under 30, not on dialysis)20 mg once a day
Other usesNo label dose

From the Forzinity US prescribing information (openFDA, label effective Dec 2025). Approval is an accelerated approval based on knee muscle strength, so a confirmatory trial is required.

Community reports

Community protocols often use 1 to 2 mg a day for anti-aging. This is community talk, not a label dose.

What people say they do, collected from community discussions. Not tested in a trial; shown so you can compare it with the evidence above.

Mixing

No mixing table here: this one is used as a capsule, nasal spray or skin product, or has no human amount to calculate from. The general mixing calculator works for any vial.

What the trials found

Trial for the approval: 12 males with Barth syndrome, aged 12 to 35, 12 weeks of drug versus 12 weeks of placebo (crossover). Strength is the median change in knee muscle force:

+4 NWeek 12 on drug (placebo: -5 N)
+63 NWeek 168, open-label (8 people)
0 of 2primary goals met versus placebo (6-minute walk, fatigue)

Forzinity US label, Clinical Studies section. The drug was not better than placebo on the two main goals. The strength gains came in the open-label extension without a placebo group.

Side effects

  • Injection-site reactions were most common in the placebo-controlled study: redness in all 12 people on the drug, pain in 75%, hardening in 67%.
  • Serious allergic reactions have been reported. The vial contains benzyl alcohol, which is not for newborns.
  • Blood eosinophil counts often rose, then returned to normal after 6 to 12 months.

How it works

Cardiolipin binder

The label calls it a mitochondrial cardiolipin binder. Cardiolipin is a fat found in mitochondria, the cell's power plants.

Sources

  • Forzinity (elamipretide) US prescribing information via openFDA, effective Dec 2025